Vertical lathes can generally be divided into single-column type and double-column type. Small vertical lathes are generally made into a single column type, and large vertical lathes are made into a double column type. The main feature of the vertical lathe structure is that its spindle is in a vertical position. The main characteristics of the vertical lathe are: the workbench is in the horizontal plane, and the installation and adjustment of the workpiece is more convenient. The worktable is supported by a guide rail, which has good rigidity and stable cutting. There are several tool holders, and can quickly change tools, the machining accuracy of the vertical lathe can reach IT9-IT8, and the surface roughness Ra can reach 3.2-1.6um. The main parameter of the vertical lathe is the maximum turning diameter D.