The spindle axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the workpiece is mounted on the horizontal rotary table, referred to as the vertical lathe. Vertical lathes are usually used to process workpieces with large diameter and weight, or difficult to install on horizontal lathes (see color map CJ52125-type vertical lathes (up to 15 meters in diameter) that can be used for multi-functional processing such as turning, milling, boring, drilling, etc., in the processing of hydraulic turbine seat rings). In order to meet the needs of machining large workpieces, vertical lathes appeared in the United States in 1890. In the 30s of the 20th century, Germany manufactured a super-heavy vertical lathe with a processing diameter of 25.5 meters, and the largest workpiece that could be processed weighed 350 tons, and the machine itself weighed 1,850 tons. Vertical lathes with a machining diameter of 26 meters were also manufactured in the Soviet Union. There are two types of vertical lathes: single-column type (Fig. 1 single-column vertical lathe) and double-column type. Most of the small and medium-sized vertical lathes are single-column type. Large vertical lathes are mainly double-column type with two vertical turrets. The workpiece is clamped on the workbench of the vertical lathe, and the main movement of the workbench with action rotation is realized, and the feed movement is realized by the vertical turret and the side turret, both of which can be fed in the vertical direction and horizontal direction along the corresponding guide rail. The vertical turret of these two types of vertical lathes usually has a turret that can be used to mount several sets of tools, thus acting as a vertical turret lathe. The columns or tables of some vertical lathes can also be made movable to expand the range of machining diameters.