Manual Universal Lathe Machine

Model C6241/ C6246/ C6251/ C6256 manual lathe is suitable for turning inside and outside cylindrical surface, conical surface and other rotating surface, turning various metric, inch, module and diametral pitch threads, and can drill hole and pull oil groove and other works.

1. The surface of the bedways is supersonic frequency hardened and precision grinding.

2. Headstock gears precisely ground and hardened to reduce noise.

3. Intergrated stand keep the machine in high work rigidity.

Chuck guard and tool post guard, Lead screw cover, Digital readout.

1.Definition of lathe

Lathe is a metal processing machine tool commonly used for machining metal materials, changing the shape and size of workpieces by cutting. The basic structure of a lathe includes the bed, spindle, tool holder, feed mechanism, electrical control system, and other components.

2.Characteristics of lathe

2.1 Easy to operate: The operation of the lathe is relatively simple, just clamp the workpiece onto the machine, adjust the tool and worktable to perform machining.

2.2 High precision: The lathe adopts cutting method for processing, which has high processing efficiency and can obtain high-precision machining results.

2.3 Strong applicability: The lathe has a wide range of applications, not limited to metal manufacturing, but can also be used for turning materials such as plastics, ceramics, resins, etc.

2.4 High processing efficiency: The lathe is capable of mass production and can complete a large number of identical or similar workpiece processing tasks at once, improving processing efficiency.

2.5 Convenient tool replacement: The tool replacement of the lathe is convenient and fast, and different tools can be replaced according to different machining tasks, improving machining efficiency and quality.

In short, a lathe is a metal processing machine tool with powerful functions, simple operation, high precision, wide applicability, high processing efficiency, and convenient tool replacement. It is widely used in manufacturing, automotive manufacturing, engineering machinery manufacturing, and other fields.

3.Introduction

Lathe is a machine tool that mainly uses turning tools to turn rotating workpieces, widely used in metal cutting machines and known as a working machine tool. Lathes can perform cutting on rotating surfaces and spiral surfaces of various sizes and shapes, using tools including but not limited to drill bits, reamers, reamers, taps, dies, and rolling tools. Lathes play an important role in mechanical manufacturing and repair factories, and are one of the most widely used machine tools.

A regular lathe is a type of lathe that is particularly suitable for processing various types of workpieces such as shafts, discs, and rings in multiple processes. It is commonly used to machine the internal and external rotating surfaces, end faces, and various internal and external threads of workpieces. The ordinary lathe is called a horizontal lathe because its spindle is placed horizontally, and this type of lathe is most widely used in the lathe industry.

The history of lathes can be traced back to ancient times. Early lathes used ropes to rotate workpieces by hand or foot, and hand-held cutting tools were used for cutting. With the development of technology, in 1797, British mechanical inventor Maudsley created a modern lathe with a screw driven tool holder, greatly improving machining accuracy and efficiency.

The composition of a lathe includes a spindle box, a feed box, a slide box, a bed, a tailstock, a tool holder, a chuck, a screw, a light rod, and a base, which work together to complete the turning task.

In short, as a core equipment in mechanical manufacturing, lathes not only play an indispensable role in modern manufacturing, but their development process also reflects humanity's unremitting pursuit of mechanical processing technology and efficiency.

4.Structural Function
The main components of a regular lathe include: spindle box, feed box, slide box, tool holder, tailstock, light bar, screw and bed.
Spindle box: also known as the headstock box, its main task is to transmit the rotational motion from the main motor through a series of variable speed mechanisms to obtain the required forward and reverse rotation speeds for the spindle. At the same time, the spindle box divides some of the power to transmit the motion to the feed box. The main spindle in the spindle box is a key component of the lathe. The smoothness of the spindle running on the bearing directly affects the machining quality of the workpiece. Once the rotational accuracy of the spindle decreases, the value of the machine tool will decrease.

Feed box: also known as tool box, the feed box is equipped with a variable speed mechanism for feed motion. By adjusting the variable speed mechanism, the desired feed amount or pitch can be obtained, and the motion is transmitted to the tool holder through a light bar or screw for cutting.

Screw and light bar: used to connect the feed box and the slide box, and transmit the motion and power of the feed box to the slide box, so that the slide box can achieve longitudinal linear motion. Screw is specifically designed for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of the workpiece, only a smooth bar is used instead of a screw.

Slippery box: It is a control box for lathe feed motion, equipped with a mechanism that converts the rotational motion of the light bar and screw into linear motion of the tool holder. The longitudinal feed motion, transverse feed motion, and rapid movement of the tool holder are achieved through the transmission of the light bar, and the tool holder is driven by the screw to make longitudinal linear motion for turning threads.

Tool holder: The knife holder component consists of several layers of knife holders, and its function is to clamp the tool and make it perform longitudinal, transverse, or oblique feed motion.

Tail seat: installed as a positioning support for the rear top, and can also be equipped with drilling tools such as drills and reamers for hole processing.
Bed frame: The main components of the lathe are installed on the bed frame to maintain accurate relative positions during operation.

5.Inspection before driving

5.1 Add appropriate lubricating grease according to the lubrication chart of the machine tool.
5.2 Check all electrical facilities, including handles, transmission parts, protection, and limit devices, for completeness, reliability, and flexibility.
5.3 Each gear should be at zero position, and the belt tension should meet the requirements.
5.4 It is not allowed to directly store metal objects on the bed surface to avoid damaging the bed surface.
5.5 Workpiece to be processed, free of mud and sand, to prevent mud and sand from falling into the trailer and damaging the guide rail.
Before clamping the workpiece, an empty test run must be conducted to confirm everything is normal before installing the workpiece.

6. Operating procedure
6.1 After loading the workpiece, start the lubricating oil pump first to ensure that the oil pressure meets the requirements of the machine tool before starting.
6.2 When adjusting the exchange gear frame and the hanging wheel, the power must be cut off. After adjustment, all bolts must be tightened, the wrench should be removed in a timely manner, and the workpiece should be disconnected for trial operation.
6.3 After loading and unloading the workpiece, the chuck wrench and floating object of the workpiece should be immediately removed.
6.4 Adjust the tailstock, rocker, etc. of the machine tool to the appropriate position according to the processing needs, and tighten or clamp them.
6.5 Workpieces, cutting tools, and fixtures must be securely clamped. The floating force tool must insert the lead part into the workpiece before starting the machine tool.
6.6 When using the center frame or follower frame, the center must be adjusted properly and there must be good lubrication and support contact surfaces.
6.7 When processing long materials, the protruding part behind the spindle should not be too long. If it is too long, a material rack should be installed and a danger sign should be hung.
6.8 When entering the knife, the knife should slowly approach the work to avoid collision; The speed of the trailer back and forth should be uniform. When changing the tool, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate distance between the tool and the workpiece.
6.9 The cutting tool must be securely fastened, and the extended length of the tool should generally not exceed 2.5 times the thickness of the tool.
When processing eccentric parts, appropriate counterweights must be used to balance the center of gravity of the chuck, and the vehicle speed must be appropriate.
6.10 Protective measures must be taken for workpieces with disk cards that exceed the body of the machine.
6.11 The adjustment of the tool must be slow. When the tip of the tool is 40-60 millimeters away from the workpiece processing area, manual or working feed should be used instead. It is not allowed to feed quickly and directly feed the tool.
When using a file to polish the workpiece, the tool holder should be moved back to a safe position, and the operator should face the chuck with their right hand in front and their left hand behind. Workpieces with keyways and square holes on the surface are prohibited from being processed with a file.
When using sandpaper to polish the outer circle of the workpiece, the operator should follow the posture specified in the previous section and hold both ends of the sandpaper with both hands to polish it. Do not use fingers to grip sandpaper and polish the inner hole.
When automatic cutting, the small knife holder should be adjusted to be level with the base to prevent the base from touching the chuck.
When cutting large or heavy parts or materials, sufficient machining allowance should be left.
 

7. Parking operation
Cut off the power and remove the workpiece.
Knock down the zero position of each handle, count the tools and equipment, and clean them.
Check the condition of each protective device.

8. Precautions during operation
8.1 Non staff members are strictly prohibited from operating the machine tool.
8.2 It is strictly prohibited to touch cutting tools, rotating parts of machine tools, or rotating workpieces during operation.
8.3 Emergency stop is not allowed. In case of emergency, after using this button to stop the machine, it should be rechecked according to the pre start regulations of the machine tool.
8.4 It is not allowed to pedal the guide surface, screw, and light rod of the lathe. Unless otherwise specified, it is not allowed to use feet instead of hands to operate the handle.
8.5 Parts with sand holes, shrinkage holes, or keyway on the inner wall are not allowed to be cut with a triangular scraper.
8.6 The compressed air or liquid pressure of the pneumatic hydraulic chuck must reach the specified value before it can be used.
When turning slender workpieces with a length exceeding 4 times the diameter on both sides of the head of the bed, the tip should be used according to the process regulations. Center frame or support with knife frame. When extending behind the head of the bed, protective devices and warning signs should be added.
8.7 When cutting brittle metals or cutting materials that are prone to splashing (including grinding), protective barriers should be added, and operators should wear protective goggles.

9.Usage condition
The normal use of a regular lathe must meet the following conditions: the power supply voltage fluctuation at the location of the machine tool is small, the ambient temperature is below 30 degrees celsius, and the relative humidity is less than 80%.
9.1 Requirements for machine tool position environment
The position of the machine tool should be far away from the vibration source, avoid direct sunlight and thermal radiation, and avoid the influence of moisture and airflow. If there is a vibration source near the machine tool, anti vibration grooves should be set up around the machine tool. Otherwise, it will directly affect the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool, causing poor contact of electronic components, resulting in malfunctions and affecting the reliability of the machine tool.
9.2 Power requirements
Generally, ordinary lathes are installed in machining workshops, which not only have large temperature changes and poor operating conditions, but also have various mechanical and electrical equipment, resulting in large fluctuations in the power grid. Therefore, the installation position of a regular lathe requires strict control of the power supply voltage. The fluctuation of power supply voltage must be within the allowable range and remain relatively stable. Otherwise, it will affect the normal operation of the CNC system.
9.3 Temperature conditions
The ambient temperature of a regular lathe is below 30 degrees Celsius, and the relative temperature is less than 80%. Generally speaking, there are exhaust fans or air coolers inside the CNC control box to maintain a constant operating temperature or minimal temperature difference of electronic components, especially the central processing unit. Excessive temperature and humidity will reduce the lifespan of control system components and lead to an increase in malfunctions. The increase in temperature and humidity, as well as the increase in dust, can cause adhesion on the integrated circuit board and lead to short circuits.
9.4 Use the machine tool according to the instructions
Users are not allowed to arbitrarily change the parameters set by the manufacturer in the control system when using the machine tool. The setting of these parameters is directly related to the dynamic characteristics of various components of the machine tool. Only the gap compensation parameter values can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
9.5 Users are not allowed to replace machine accessories at will, such as using hydraulic chucks that exceed the specifications in the manual. When setting up attachments, the manufacturing plant fully considers the matching of various process parameters. Blind replacement can cause mismatches in various parameters and even result in unforeseeable accidents. The pressure of hydraulic chuck, hydraulic tool holder, hydraulic tailstock, and hydraulic cylinder should be within the allowable stress range and should not be arbitrarily increased.

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